c. Algorithmscan replace the source code in programs. A. are licensed under a, Neo-Freudians: Adler, Erikson, Jung, and Horney. 10 Read our, Overview of the Problem-Solving Mental Process, The Psychology of Decision-Making Strategies, How to Increase Your Mental Agility With Dr. Elaine Fox, The Formal Operational Stage of Cognitive Development, Learning Styles Based on Jung's Theory of Personality, Daily Tips for a Healthy Mind to Your Inbox, An algorithm for determining use of trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy, Fast or frugal, but not both: decision heuristics under time pressure, The method a search engine uses to find information on the internet, Instructions for how to assemble a bicycle, Instructions for how to solve a Rubik's cube. Stimuli can vary and may include words, pictures, and other stimuli to elicit a response or increase recognition. They take a step-by-step approach to performing a task. C. 15 to 20 An algorithm is a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem. c. 30 b. representative heuristic refers to the belief that one has the competence to accomplish a given goal or task. pseudorandom number generator (PRNG), is an algorithm for creating a sequence of numbers whose properties approximate those of a random number. The sentence "The bicycle talked the boy into buying a candy bar" is. We encode the sounds the words make. C. information-processing capacity. The use of artificial concepts to define an idea is crucial to communicating with others and engaging in complex thought. To make this process more complex, the brain does not gather information from external environments only. People ascribe greater value to things they already own when compared with objects owned by someone else. The companys minimum desired rate of return is 10%. D. all scores are below average. The encoding of words and their meaning is known as semantic encoding. B. C. Retroductive reasoning c. various cultures. Psychologists would describe Cooper's father's style of parenting as. a. subjective. You absorb a large quantity of information by listening to and participating in discussions, examining maps, and reading first-hand accounts of peoples lives. B. inner motivation CIT 270: Chapter 3 Flashcards | Chegg.com Material is far better encoded when you make it meaningful. Marjorie took a personality test in April. This is only one facet of the complex processes involved in cognition. a. a. intelligence. A. suggest obvious operations. Identify a true statement about language milestones among children. It feels almost impossible to walk in and not face the door. C. Selection bias a. convergent thinking. Concepts can be complex and abstract, like justice, or more concrete, like types of birds. This is an example of: People who believe that aliens have come to earth may disregard evidence that crop circles are human-made. If an outcome measure is normally distributed, this means that Monique routinely uses a shredder to shred her junk-mail into confetti-sized pieces of paper, which she then just throws away. The brain then processes this information and uses the relevant pieces to create thoughts, which can then be expressed through language or stored in memory for future use. Chapter 7 - Quiz Questions Flashcards | Quizlet In this case, Carla should The tendency to search for and use information that supports our ideas rather than refutes them is known as, _____ is the tendency to report falsely, after the fact, that we accurately predicted an outcome. So if you face a situation where a decision needs to be made very quickly, you might be better off using a different problem-solving strategy. As such, he does not get involved in An algorithm is a defined set of step-by-step procedures that provides the correct answer to a particular problem. A. Similarly, most people have a song that causes a specific emotional response. 90. The process of myelination begins prenatally. By the end of this section, you will be able to: Memory is an information processing system; therefore, we often compare it to a computer. Semantic memory is typically reported as facts. This is an example of Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F) in Business. In this way, concepts touch every aspect of our lives, from our many daily routines to the guiding principles behind the way governments function. c. some sign language and many sounds. d. means-end analysis. A. Abductive reasoning Concepts are categories or groupings of linguistic information, images, ideas, or memories, such as life experiences. b. females. 1999-2023, Rice University. conception, zygote, embryonic period, fetal period. b. the representative heuristic. C. timing bias. D. Children understand metaphor and satire usually between ages 11 and 14. Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. He has never been to any of Cooper's soccer games or met any of his friends. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. A. risk avoidance When the solution to a problem suddenly comes to mind, it is called: a. attachment; language Q. We get information into our brains through a process called encoding, which is the input of information into the memory system. Artificial concepts can enhance the understanding of a topic by building on one another. d. 100, ________, which is caused by a defect in a male gene that leads to deficiency in a protein needed for brain development, is a biological cause of intellectual disability. a. a mental set. c. all languages have the same pragmatics. C. Concepts are independent of experiences and objects. Brainstorming is an example of He looked all through the glove compartment for a flashlight so that he could get a better look under his seat. refers to the sense that one is in control of one's own life. When comparing algorithms and heuristics, what is the advantage of using heuristics for solving real-life problems? d. They will always result in a correct solution, if there is a correct solution to be found. Exceptionally complex, cognition is an essential feature of human consciousness, yet not all aspects of cognition are consciously experienced. He later realized he could have just held his cell phone under the seat to help illuminate the area. d. validity. In this case, Claudia is using a(n) She has an amazing and highly superior autobiographical memory (Figure 8.7). Which of the following is true of long-term memory? _________ often work with individuals who have traumatic brain injury. A. algorithm. OTHER QUIZLET SETS. D. They may use established criteria to make judgments. By following an algorithm, you can ensure that you will arrive at the correct answer to each problem. C. Working backward in establishing subgoals should be typically avoided. which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychology. A. creativity. c. Clinical neuropsychologists B. accuracy b. females. Explicit memory is divided into episodic memory and semantic memory. Practical intelligence c. make sounds; dream more vividly c. the exact same process as PRNGs attempt to create numbers that are as random as possible. Could semantic encoding be beneficial to you as you attempt to memorize the concepts in this chapter? B. Concepts prevent us from generalizing. a. The self-reference effect is the tendency for an individual to have better memory for information that relates to oneself in comparison to material that has less personal relevance (Rogers, Kuiper, & Kirker, 1977). A. grasping the deeper meaning of ideas Kanzi, the chimpanzee, communicates with researchers by using: From a language perspective, Jordan is having difficulty with a specific _______. A. descriptive reasoning. a. emotional intelligence. The notes were sour because the seams split. When you take a multiple-choice test, you are relying on recognition to help you choose the correct answer. Which of the following is usually a trait of creative thinkers? So without thinking, you reach for your phone, which could be in your pocket, in your bag, or on the passenger seat of the car. They are devised while developing problem-solving strategies. The Algorithm Problem Solving Approach in Psychology - Verywell Mind d. actual tasks involving memory. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License . Our mission is to improve educational access and learning for everyone. C. an introvert. 10. are licensed under a, Neo-Freudians: Adler, Erikson, Jung, and Horney. Which of the following statements is true of the adolescent brain? C. analytical and you must attribute OpenStax. D. 5 to 6, ________ may help us to generalize, whereas ________ may help us accomplish a goal. When you remember something, you usually have several routes to get the information you are trying to access, and the more links you have to a concept, the better your chances of remembering. What good is economic theory if it cant A. reasoning. The body's tendency to maintain an equilibrium, or steady state, is known as, Motivation for sexual behavior is centered in the. D. creative, US FR Final: First Period: Early Years of the. c. reliable. Language could help a child learn to control social behavior. c. a memory of a favorite childhood book. What could have affected Genie's mentally? Content is fact checked after it has been edited and before publication. ________ involves reasoning from a general case that we know to be true to a specific instance. d. be reliable. a. intelligence is largely inherited. The working memory files hold a limited amount of information. B. They also sometimes focus on how we organize thoughts and information gathered from our environments into meaningful categories of thought, which will be discussed later. d. collective monologue. The reason people are more likely to come up with plate after reading about a picnic is that plate is associated (linked) with picnic. You likely thought about staying upright in the beginning, but now you just do it. They are devised while developing problem-solving strategies. Did you think of jelly? B. category. Wechsler's four index scales are verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, working memory, and: a. quantitative processing. The fact that none of the animals have achieved language development comparable to a 3-year-old human. Using the present value factors in your text (Tables 6-4 and 6-5), the net present value of the project is (rounded) lack of nurture, abusive parents, and bad memory. how long ago the event takes place. Algorithms can be used to achieve just about any logical flow, but based on the input, expected output, and complexity of the logic to get from the input to the output, the efficacy of an algorithm can vary. If, however, youve lived your whole life on the island of Saint Vincent in the Caribbean, you may never have actually seen snow, much less tasted, smelled, or touched it. Jacob received his score on his math paper and realized that he performed poorly. A. indulge in fixations. A. c. mental sets. But if time is of the essence, then an algorithm is likely not the best choice. In some cases, people are better off learning everything . Formal concepts In either case, you usually cannot put the memory into words that adequately describe the task. You were probably not that good at riding a bicycle or driving a car the first time you tried, but you were much better after doing those things for a year. a. D. Concepts complicate the memory process. Choose all that apply. b. divergent thinking. C. inductive reasoning. For example, if you live in Essex Junction, Vermont, you have probably had a lot of direct experience with snow. B. D. They are initial goals that put the individual in a better position for reaching a final solution. B. Algorithms/artificial intelligence (AI) If an instructor was referring to a stream during a lecture, a student's mental image is likely to be: 110 ________ is the ability to learn from one's experiences, acquire knowledge, and use resources effectively for solving problems. declarative memory. c. the fact that scientists have proven animals capable of sign language only. which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychology what was life like during the communist russia A prompt, such as that the restaurant was named after its owner, might help you recall the name of the restaurant. In waking up and getting ready for class in the morning, one might follow a(n): D. Concepts/problem solving, In everyday situations, finding and framing problems can be difficult because many real-life problems Fast or frugal, but not both: decision heuristics under time pressure. Algorithms can be a great problem-solving choice when the answer needs to be 100% accurate or when each decision needs to follow the same process. Its formal written version is called a program, or code. Algorithms are strategies usually based on employing past experience to solve problems. b. use symbols; think TrueThe symmetric key algorithm is a class of cipher that uses identical or closely related keys for encryption and decryption. The prefrontal cortex continues to mature into early adulthood. a. Japanese children. Mental images c. pragmatics. a. the same ability. Dec 19, 2022 OpenStax. OpenStax is part of Rice University, which is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit. A. simulation heuristic. ________ is a learning disability characterized by difficulty with learning to read fluently and with accurate comprehension, despite normal intelligence. Their model of human memory (Figure 8.4), called Atkinson and Shiffrin's model, is based on the belief that we process memories in the same way that a computer processes information. Returning to the computer metaphor, implicit memories are like a program running in the background, and you are not aware of their influence. D. 100. This test can be considered: In some cases, you must follow a particular set of steps to solve the problem. b. Dr. Ambrose is administering an intelligence test, and one question asks, "During what month of the year does the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) basketball championship games start?" The OpenStax name, OpenStax logo, OpenStax book covers, OpenStax CNX name, and OpenStax CNX logo The acoustic processing questions asked the participants about the sound or rhyming of the words, and the semantic processing questions asked the participants about the meaning of the words. An algorithm is often expressed in the form of a graph, where a square represents each step. B. rethinking and redefining problems and solutions over time B. algorithm How is it possible that the brain is able to move from one thought to the next in an organized, orderly fashion? In the process, your brain gathers details that inform and refine your understanding of related concepts like democracy, power, and freedom. Alternatively, elaborative rehearsal is the act of linking new information you are trying to learn to existing information that you already know. However, Keppel and Underwood (1962) examined only the first trials of the trigram task and found that proactive interference also affected short-term memory retention. b. concepts are universal and influence the development of language. d. apple, ________ is the ability to adapt and deal with new problems or challenges the first time you encounter them. What memory problems is she most likely to have now? a. B. top-down reasoning. If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a print format, Dan, who often travels in airplanes, experiences sudden fear of flying after he hears the news about an airplane crash. Both memory trace decay and proactive interference affect short-term memory. A(n) _____ is a strategy that guarantees a solution to a problem. The type of short-term memory (or computer file) depends on the type of information received. which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychology Short-term memory storage lasts 15 to 30 seconds. A. A. heuristic C. subgoaling. D. socially maladjusted. c. practical The brain is endlessly perceiving, processing, planning, organizing, and rememberingit is always active. c. visual-spatial processing. D. categorical thinking. Which of the following is true about overlapping subproblems? 1 item by anonymous. Question 2. Psy. Ch 7 Flashcards | Quizlet When you first learned to do these tasks, someone may have told you how to do them, but everything you learned since those instructions that you cannot readily explain to someone else as the way to do it is implicit memory. Cognitive psychology is the field of psychology dedicated to examining how people think. involves being receptive to other ways of looking at things. Basketball, football, baseball, and soccer all fit into the ________ of sports. where the event takes place. If there is a smell that makes you feel positive and nostalgic, and you don't know where that response comes from, it is an implicit emotional response. d. trial and error, The ________ involves estimating the likelihood of an event based on how easy it is to recall relevant information from memory. d. the better that person is at breaking a problem down into component parts for problem solving. Although implicit memories are learned outside of our awareness and cannot be consciously recalled, implicit memory is demonstrated in the performance of some task (Roediger, 1990; Schacter, 1987). The useful character of language and the ability of language to communicate even more meaning than is said are known as, According to Benjamin Whorf, language determines our, Critics of the work of Benjamin Whorf maintain that. Even a simple sentence is easier to recall when it is meaningful (Anderson, 1984). 3.Question 1 2 pts Which of the following is not true about algorithms. 90. Which of the following statements about algorithms is false? which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychology. d. Prototypes. D. come in different forms. Twin studies by Trzaskowski and others in 2014 report that the heritability of intelligence is found to be as high as ________ percent. which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychology 2022-06-21T19:02:13+00:00 lakers celebrity seating chart 2019 bottle caps candy root beer only A person's knowledge about the world is known as _____ memory. Related concepts are linked, and the strength of the link depends on how often two concepts have been associated. While schemata allow for more efficient information processing, there can be problems with schemata, regardless of whether they are accurate: Perhaps this particular firefighter is not brave, they just work as a firefighter to pay the bills while studying to become a childrens librarian. There are two components of long-term memory: explicit and implicit. Unlike heuristics, algorithms are shortcut strategies that suggest a solution to a problem. Which of the following is the correct sequence of the stages of prenatal development? b. A. deductive thinking. Understanding the difference between explicit memory and implicit memory is important because aging, particular types of brain trauma, and certain disorders can impact explicit and implicit memory in different ways.
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