1560 - death of francis II, Mary returns to scotland as queen. The plot was uncovered whilst Ridolfi was abroad (he never returned). Continue with Recommended Cookies. The plots to overthrow Elizabeth failed for a number of reasons such as: In 1568, the Queens Spymaster, Francis Walsingham used his spy network to prove that Mary had supported the Babington Plot. The victory over the Spanish was not just a military success for England, but it also helped to strengthen Elizabeths rule over the country. However, Elizabeth was fearful that a foreign husband would have not put the needs of England first. Mary's Catholicism and previous alliance with France increased the threat of a French invasion in support of her, which threatened the stability of Elizabeth's kingdom. In the eyes of the Spanish, Drake was a pirate however in the eyes of the English and Elizabeth, he was a patriot. Guy states that Northumberland's success in foreign policy was due to ending Somerset's wars . Time line for foreign policy 1559- 1571. There were a number of factors that contributed to the English victory and Spanish defeat which included English strengths, Spanish weaknesses, as well as luck itself. This established a new Anglo-Scottish peace and also reconfirmed the agreement at Cateau-Cambresis. Moreover, the brazenness of these revolts was further helped by the blessing of the Pope, whose directives on recusancy and overthrowing Elizabeth were obeyed by many Catholics both domestically and internationally. Coronation: 15 January 1559, Westminster Abbey. The English army was also poorly equipped and Elizabeth did not provide sufficient funds to pay for the English troops. After Anne Boleyn was executed, Henry had the marriage annulled, effectively meaning that it never happened. [Referencing this date is very good, because it demonstrates to the examiner awareness of WHY the question includes this date in the first place. During the 1570s, England was starting to have ambitions of establishing an empire of its own and had hoped to become an imperial power that could rival Spain. Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! The defeat of the Northern Earls showed there was little appetite for a Catholic revolution. Indeed, the Ridolfi Plot of 1571 was even led by one of the Popes spies, Roberto Ridolfi. The negotiations dragged on for four years with Elizabeth never giving a firm answer and Charles refusing to give up his Catholic faith. Phillip II of Spain proposed marriage to Elizabeth. The Northern Earls were unhappy and rebelled for several reasons: The Revolt of the Northern Earls was arguably the most serious rebellion during Elizabeths reign and presented a threat for a number of reasons: During the 1570s and 1580s, there were several plots by Catholics to assassinate Queen Elizabeth and replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots. Most people in . Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! The Spanish Fury united both the Dutch Catholics and Protestants, who demanded in response to the violence: 1) the expulsion of all Spanish troops from the Netherlands 2) political freedom and 3) an end to religious hostility via the Spanish Inquisition. - Overall, I think the threat of invasion was one of Elizabeth's problems when she became queen as both Spain and France were powerful countries who had reasons to invade England and this was increased as Spain and France could unite against Protestant England. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 1st explanation. The threat of invasion was Elizabeth's main problem when she became Mary was married to Philip II of Spain. The Religious Settlement of 1559 - History Learning Site Queen Elizabeth and King Phillip II were still reluctant to openly declare war with one another however, in 1585, this changed due to dispute over the Netherlands. Native American hostility occurred from the start, however. Catholics and Queen Elizabeth I - BBC Bitesize Queen Elizabeth I: The Controversies and the - Ancient Origins However, the Catholic Church bans divorce which presented a problem for Henry as he could not legally get rid of Catherine. Elizabeth and Philipthese two powerful peoplewould begin their relationship peacefully, even warmly, but they would become enemies, facing off in a battle of empires and faiths that would . Reasons why Philip used the Spanish Armada. Philip II and the Pope supported the plot that would involve the invasion of England by the Duke of Guise. Phillip was warned against this mission but believed he was on a mission from God. By the end of Elizabeths reign, the navy was also playing an important role in settling up an English colony in North America. Elizabeth I and Spain - History Learning Site She was the last monarch of the Tudor period. Financial Weakness She was 300,000 in debt. When Elizabeth came to the throne in 1558 her people were divided by religion. Why was France a threat? The Armada sailed up the Channel in a defensive crescent formation which used the large armed galleons to protect the weaker supply ships and infantry ships. Write a paragraph or two. migration? More significantly, she was worried she would have to adopt a secondary role in the running of her country, as the period was very patriarchal. Instead, both men preferred to negotiate a settlement. The features and significance of the Ridolfi, Throckmorton and Babington plots. Although he promised to help the conspirators, he rarely followed through on these promises. The English Catholics now had no-one they could rally around and effectively lost hope of ever replacing Elizabeth. A very detailed response which demonstrates excellent subject knowledge and reaches a clear judgement based on justifiable criteria. The fear of a Catholic uprising and a plot against Elizabeth was a constant threat to her. This attack proved to be a major setback for Spanish preparation for the Armada. He also used double agents to infiltrate Catholic networks. This issue of divorce creates problems for Catholics. This risked provoking King Phillip further and to avoid this, Elizabeth forced Dudley to resign his position immediately. This led to a rampage of Spanish soldiers and the sacking of Antwerp. France however, thought her intention was to create war between France and Spain while England looked on. During this journey, they encountered several powerful Atlantic storms and this resulted in many ships sinking or being wrecked on the Scottish and Irish coasts. She changed the church back to Anglican and it has been the official . Here is an example answer to the following 16-mark question on the reasons for the increased Catholic threat to Elizabeth I after 1566. The most important reason why Mary was a threat to Elizabeth's reign was the fact that Mary was Catholic. Elizabeth I and Finances - History Learning Site "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 2nd explanation. Marriage and the Succession She was expected to marry and produce an heir for the Tudor line but she wanted to choose the right person and not anger anyone. The plot failed as it was discovered by Francis Walsingham, Elizabeths principal secretary and spymaster, who placed Throckmorton under surveillance for several months. The Spanish responded by doing the same to the English. As such, the Catholic community cited both religious and legal reasons why Elizabeth had no right to be Queen, which made her accession extremely problematic. It was estimated that Drake returned with approximately 400,000 of Spanish treasure from regular raids of Spanish ports in South America. Edward was succeeded by Mary, who in turn ruled for five years until her death in 1558. In 1587, Sir Francis Drake attacked the Spanish port of Cadiz in what would become known as the Singeing of the King of Spains beard. Another extremely important problem Elizabeth faced were the threats from the Auld Alliance of France and Scotland, two Catholic countries that England was sandwiched between. The use of fireships by the British exposed this weakness. Elizabeth was eager to nullify the threat of the Auld Alliance (Scotland and France), which had been further reinforced by the marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots and French King Francis II. Insolvency therefore limited the choices of the new Queen and instantly undermined her power. Catholic priests were ordered to leave so as not to influence the English Catholics with divided loyalties. The treaty also stated that Mary would give up her claim to the English throne, although this was not formally agreed by Mary. 2. This was seen as a huge blow for English pride as England had territory in France for hundreds of years. Copyright The Student Room 2023 all rights reserved. One way in which Mary was central to the Catholic threat was through her part in various plots to overthrow Elizabeth. Elizabeth increased her financial commitment to the cause of the Dutch rebels and hired mercenary soldiers to intervene in the conflict under the leadership of John Casimir. . This included: 1) the Act of Supremacy which stated that Elizabeth was Head of the Church, 2) the Act of Uniformity which set out expectations for church appearances and church services and 3) Royal Injunctions a set of instructions reinforcing the Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity. Te Deums were sung in churches, bonfires lit, and "their was shott at the Tower that night above two thousand . Elizabethan Religious Settlement - BBC Bitesize Elizabeth was actually popular which meant those conspiring to overthrow her lacked public support. It had to deal with Irish . VAT reg no 816865400. VAT reg no 816865400. PDF Paper 2: Early Elizabethan England 1558-88 - Oasis Academy South Bank Stimulus = Anne Boleyn / The threat from France, [Examiner commentary following each paragraph and at the end is provided in italics], ____________________________________________________. Throckmorton was tortured and although he confessed, was then killed. Best Answer. Reigned: queen of England and Ireland for 44 years, from 17 November 1558 until her death in 1603. In 1568, Spanish ships laden with gold bullion took refuge in English ports to escape the bad weather. He also had a big empire in North and South America and by 1581, he had also become King of Portugal which gave him control of the important Atlantic port of Lisbon. When Elizabeth I came to the throne in 1558, she inherited a difficult financial situation and a debt of 227,000. A very detailed response which demonstrates excellent subject knowledge and reaches a clear judgement based on justifiable criteria. The execution of Mary, Queen of Scots, finally removed the on-going threat at home from Catholics who wanted to replace Elizabeth with her. He even came to England to meet Elizabeth and she even announced before some of her courtiers that she would marry him. Why didn't Mary and Francis have a child? - coalitionbrewing.com Elizabeth hesitated for several months, however, eventually signed Marys death warrant. They began to revolt against the Spanish. Edward VI - Wikipedia Elizabeth faced many problems upon her accession to her throne in 1558 and, whilst the question of legitimacy was important, the immediate concerns of debt, as well as the threat from France and Scotland were of far greater significance as they instantly impacted upon her ability to rule.
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